MercoPress. South Atlantic News Agency

EU votes a new parliament; political center could be removed by radical right wing coalition

Across all 27 countries, opinion polls show that economic and social policy is still the biggest issue affecting how people cast their ballot (Pic Reuters)

Mobilizing the 350 million people eligible to cast ballots in the European Union event once every five years is not a straightforward task. Voter turnout at the second-largest democratic election in the world after India was around just 50% in 2019. There are 720 seats in the EU Parliament with elections traditionally held over four days.

This time they will kick off in the Netherlands Thursday, June 6, though most countries will vote on Sunday, June 9.

Higher voter turnout is projected for the 2024 vote, according to a poll conducted earlier this year in which 60% of voters said they were interested in the election. Higher turnout could prove decisive in a vote that members of both the left and right have called crucial.

Statistically speaking, high turnout tends to benefit the political center, and polling shows Euroskeptic and radical right wing parties faring well in many countries. For some traditional parties, it's a worrying trend that prompted center-left German Chancellor Olaf Scholz to issue a dire warning.

”Some populists are calling for Germany to leave the European Union. Others see (President Vladimir) Putin's Russia or (leader) Xi Jinping's China as role models for Europe. And still others want to dismantle the EU — what self-destructive madness,“ Scholz said in a campaign video. ”Europe and European integration secure our prosperity and our future.”

In many countries, Germany included, election campaigns have been dominated by security and defense matters against the backdrop of Russia's war against Ukraine.

But across all 27 countries, opinion polls show that economic and social policy is still the biggest issue affecting how people cast their ballot. Migration policy did not play a decisive role in most countries.

In France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria and Hungary, far-right parties are topping the polls. In Poland, Germany and Sweden, the right-wing parties could finish as at least the second or third-strongest force.

In the European Parliament, pollsters predict that far-right parties will significantly increase their vote share to between 21% and 25%. A huge step up, but not enough for a decisive majority.

As a result, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, who is also head of the conservative European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group in the European Parliament, has announced that she wants to forge an Italian-style coalition in the EU legislature.

For the last 18 months, Meloni has been governing her home country in an alliance of right-wing populists, right-wing extremists and center-right Christian Democrats.

In the EU legislature, Meloni's aim is to disrupt the current unofficial centrist majority formed by the center-left Socialists and Democrats (S&D), the liberal Renew group, and the center-right European People's Party (EPP).

“We are on the eve of a crucial election, because for the first time the European elections could put an end to unnatural majorities and counterproductive majorities,” Meloni said on the campaign trail in Spain. “We must remain focused and keep our feet on the ground. Let's keep our eyes on the horizon.”

Together with France's National Rally of Marine Le Pen, Hungary's Fidesz led by Viktor Orban, Poland's Law and Justice (PiS), and others, Meloni is eyeing the formation of a new national-conservative parliamentary group. At the moment there are two hard-right groups: the ECR and the Identity and Democracy Party (ID).

However the biggest parliamentary group in the European Parliament, the European People's Party, looks set to maintain its position between 2024 and 2029, and European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen, German Christian Democrat, has not ruled out cooperating with Meloni and her allies.

What counts for her is support for Ukraine and European values rather than party affiliation, von der Leyen has said in several television interviews.

“She [Meloni] is clearly pro-European, she is against Putin, she has been very clear on that one, and pro rule of law. If this holds, we will offer to work together.”

But whatever happens, the European Parliament has a limited legislative clout. It cannot make decisions alone and unlike national parliaments, it does not elect a government. EU lawmakers are dependent on cooperation with the Council of the European Union, which represents the member states at ministerial level, as well as the European Council, which is composed of the heads of the 27 EU governments.

However, the 27 governments are in turn dependent on the parliament, the only directed elected EU body, to pass legislation. In effect no other region in the world has a comparable institution that can pass laws across national borders.